Yet, the danger of Rainier exists whether it is erupting or not. Tragically, safety lay nearby in areas of higher ground. Time could be short, and successful mitigation will depend on effective notification of people at risk, public understanding of the hazard, and prompt response by citizens. When Mount Rainiererupts again, volcanic activity may affect people living in the surrounding areas, those visiting Mount Rainier National Park, and potentially those flying overhead. Want More? A lenticular cloud sits atop Mount Rainier on Wednesday, September 7, 2022. It quoted an 1873 story by the Washington Standard that reported: "The Dispatch says that last Sunday afternoon about 2 o'clock a slight shock of an earthquake was felt at Seattle, and at 4 o'clock clouds of smoke were seen pouring from the highest peak of Mount Rainier. It would be hot, and it would melt the ice and snow. Volcanic Ash Learn about volcanic ash . A video, first posted at 9:43 a.m. on Wednesday by a KOMO meteorologist, shows something billowing over Mount Rainier. Lahars fill stream channels and bury valley floors with deposits of boulders, sand, and mud a few feet to tens of feet thick. #wawx #komonews pic.twitter.com/ln6TqZ4hlS. Larger Map. Lahars from Rainier pose the most risk to life as many communities lie atop older lahar deposits. The Mount Rainier Volcanic Hazards Response Plan, which was created by cooperating local, county, State, and Federal agencies, is on the Web. This lahar occurred ~5,600 years ago and moved ~130. Lahars are a persistent threat at volcanoes around the world. Brian Terbush, the Earthquake/Volcano Program Coordinator for the Washington State Emergency Management Division, said that the new simulation reinforce the need for preparedness: "The report confirmed that the amount of warning time people have been practicing their evacuations with is accurate, which is good news! Have an emergency evacuation route in mind that brings you quickly to higher ground. For general feedback, use the public comments section below (please adhere to guidelines). Credit: USGS. Mount Rainier is an active volcano that first erupted about half a million years ago. For general inquiries, please use our contact form. Rainier is just as a majestic as it is dangerous in Washington. Note empty street blocks where structures were swept away. 150K views 2 years ago Did you know that the state of Washington has several "active" volcanoes? This is where that lahar, which was called the National lahar,dropped boulders and trees about 2,200 years ago. Those scenarios were labeled high mobility (HM) because the lahar flow simulations reached into and through communities and farmlands further along the Nisqually and Puyallup drainage systems, presenting a much greater threat to a larger swath of landscape. The Traveler published an April 2022 article reporting National Park Service approval of a proposal from the USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory to improve the lahar detection system at Mount Rainier National Park. Strombolian Eruption Simulation Simulates an erupting volcano Java required Sliding Puzzle Game Put Rocky back together Java required Unscramble the Volcano Names Java required USA Volcano Matching Game Match the volcano to the state Java required Mount Rainier Connect-the-dots puzzle Java required Volcano Crossword Puzzle Java required Theres a famous picture of a house coming down the Toutle River and smashing into a bridge and demolishing the house., He continues, Its why we want people to preplan and to have an escape route and to know how theyre going to evacuate. Park officials also looked at seismic data and did not find signs of "unusual levels of activity.". the Science X network is one of the largest online communities for science-minded people. This sort of volume and mass moving downstream into populated area would do billions of dollars in damage. But the video shared on. City, county, and State agencies design and maintain notification procedures, evacuation routes, and public-education programs. By using our site, you acknowledge that you have read and understand our Privacy Policy According to the U.S. Geological Survey, lahars have occurred as far back as 11,000 years ago, when evidence of a mudflow apparently of landslide origin, moved across Van Trump and Paradise Parks and then down the Nisqually River., The Electron Mudflow, which took place 500 years ago, flowed 60 miles (100 km) downstream to the Puget Sound lowland. Because there is higher level of risk from lahars generated by landslides on the west flank of Mount Rainier, the USGS, Pierce County Department of Emergency Management, and Washington State Emergency Management Division have established a lahar warning system. How big is that? Note: The primary hazards associated with Mount Rainier's eruptions are debris and mud flows. is the most famous example of this. Everything we see, he told me, could be drowned by a lahar. Volcanologists in New Zealand are constantly monitoring, because of the crater lake and snow/ice on the volcano that. A zone of flooding and post-lahar sedimentation is shown only in the Green and Duwamish River valleys (see Long-Term Effects of Lahars), because in other valleys it is included in the lahar hazard zone. Many of the cities at risk for lahars plan and practice evacuation routes. Obtain a NOAA weather radio to receive alerts about possible lahars, as well as other natural hazards (for further information on the Web go to https://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr/ ). The present summit was constructed within a large crater breached to the NE, formed by collapse during a major explosive eruption about 5,600 years ago that deposited the widespread Osceola Mudflow. Mt. Statistics show theres a volcanic eruption in the Cascades two to three times every century; Mount Rainier is the tallest mountain in that range. Mount Rainier National Park officials have taken to Twitter to assure parkgoers that Mount Rainier was not erupting. Help power the National Parks Travelers coverage of national parks and protected areas. Note: This is only the interactive webmap. It is located approximately 90 km SE of Seattle, WA. Rainier's summit ~ most likely east of the volcano: for example, Yakima and Ellensburg ~ could easily receive several millimeters (3 inches or so) of ash from a pumiceproducing eruption of Mt. Hypothetical landslide route from Sunset Amphitheater, Mount Rainier National Park / U.S. Department of the Interior - U.S. Geological Survey. Lahars from Mount Rainier can travel for tens of miles along river valleys and reach Puget Sound. KUOW, a Seattle NPR station, reported in 2018 that if Mount Rainier were to erupt, it would sound like "a rocket launching." Its total threat level score is 203.2. This threat of lahars from Rainier and other volcanoes means it is vital to understand what might happen when the next lahars happen. But it . Permeable rock with clay, on the other hand, meant a longer flow distance with much higher mobility (more water in the rock). Large Holocene mudflows from collapse have reached as far as the Puget Sound lowlands. Lahars created from the ash of the 1991 Pinatubo eruption in the Philippines still occur during heavy rains. This flow would hit Orting in about an hour and finally come to rest all the way down in Sumner and Puyallup near Tacoma (see above). to create simulations of potential lahars from the west side of Rainier -- the most likely spot for the next lahars -- and found that they could devastate towns well below the volcano's summit. And the Washington Emergency Management Division also posted, "This is NOT a eruption.". The US Geological Survey publishes a "Threat Assessment" for US volcanoes, the last one in 2018. Such debris flows behave like lahars, but are typically of such small size that they seldom travel beyond the base of the volcano and only affect vulnerable areas within the boundaries of Mount Rainier National Park. Rainier is not erupting. Stay tuned. Lenticular clouds typically occur when "stable moist air flows over a mountain or a range of mountains," creating a UFO-looking shape, according to EarthSky. From there, we isolated the properties that were at risk of being caught in the lahar. It would pull down trees. People on social media initially thought it was a sign of volcanic activity. Third, a crater lake at the top of the volcano might breach, sending water down the slopes that rapidly mixes with volcanic debris. They can be singular clouds or stacked like pancakes. SEATTLE (KPTV) - Mount Rainier put on a display Wednesday morning as it seemed to be venting steam. This lahar occurred ~5,600 years ago and moved ~130 billion cubic feet of debris, enough to bury Manhattan under 130 feet of the stuff. Sign up for our email newsletter for the latest science news. Phys.org is a part of Science X network. The town of Orting is built on lahar deposits, which tells us a lahar could surge through the area again. People have often mistaken this weather phenomenon for UFOs, but this time the cloud stirred up fear of a volcanic eruption. A cloud hugging the top of Mount Rainier, an active volcano, prompted concern in the greater Seattle metro area Wednesday that the mountain was erupting and led the National Park Service and U.S. Geological Survey to assure the public that there was no ongoing eruption. Past lahars probably traveled 45 to 50 miles per hour and were as much as 100 feet or more thick where confined in valleys near the volcano. Have a reunification plan in place: A safe place to reunite with family in the event that you become separated. The concept of Pacific slab subduction has been advocated in many popular models as the main cause for lithospheric delamination in the eastern part of the North China Craton since Mesozoic. These would hit Lake Alder and likely cause the Alder Dam to spill over, a major potential hazard for those even further downstream (see below). Scientists continue to reevaluate the hazard zones as they learn more about the volcano. Rainier is also only 54 miles away from Seattle. Towns. Mt. Keeping that sentiment in mind, scientists at the University at Buffalo working on volcanic hazard mitigation have left no technology untapped as they create images of past volcanic flows in order to better predict future ones. Mount Rainier has experienced several earthquakes in May already, though none would activate the ShakeAlert system due to being less then4.5 on the magnitude scale. Even defining what we mean by "dangerous" is fraught with peril. Phys.org is a leading web-based science, research and technology news service which covers a full range of topics. "Yet, no one knows for sure when, and if, it will wake up from its dormancy. Scott Heinze, with the Pierce County department of emergency management, recommends moving to higher ground fast. Cambridge Centre for Risk Studies NatCat and FinCat Correlation IMPACTS OF SEVERE NATURAL CATASTROPHES ON FINANCIAL MARKETS The Cambridge Global Risk Index aims to measure A local daily paper announced that, in fact Mt. But at number 3 is the volcano about which I feel the most concerned: . Specifically, we accessed the Pierce, King, and Thurston County Tax Assessor offices to gather the taxable land and structure value, along with address and coordinates. Giant boulders would bounce on its surface, cracking as they collide with each other. But Washington officials quickly took to Twitter to explain what was actually happening. Sometimes I feel like Im gossiping about the prom queen when I tell people that Im here to talk about the hazards of the volcano. We then aggregated all the at-risk property values to get our baseline estimate. Rainier Lahar Hazard Map By Communications and Publishing November 9, 2016 Original Thumbnail Medium Detailed Description Volcano hazard map showing the extent of lahar hazards in towns and valleys surrounding Mt. , the Earthquake/Volcano Program Coordinator for the Washington State Emergency Management Division, said that the new simulation reinforce the need for preparedness: Lahars are a worldwide hazard, but with sufficient warning, people can get out of the way of lahars. Objectives: Students will Conduct research and teach each other about the eruption of Mount St. Helens, utilizing cooperative . Each simulation involved 260 million cubic meters (9,180.6 million cubic feet) of rock and ice - a volume similar that of to the Electron Mudflow. Recent studies have revealed extensive layers of sandy sediment from Mount Rainier that extend to the Port of Seattle along the Green and Duwamish River valleys. Those ice caves are now gone due to the withering of the Paradise glacier. Data colletion was a significant challenge. Hood, Mt. The mountain, as locals call it, defines us as a region. Lahars composed of dense, hard rock stabilized before flowing very far, so scenarios incorporating dense rock were labeled low mobility and never reached communities downstream in the simulations. This program takes into account such variables as rock volume, type, density, permeability (the measure of the ability of water to move through a rock), ice/snow amount, viscosity (how thick, sticky, or fluid the rock/water material is) and other factors to create different scenarios mapping probable lahar flow routes, speed, reach, and depth through the Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys. Now, that is a loaded question in more ways than one. The last big one was Mount St. Helens in 1980; Lassen Peak in Northern California erupted in 1915. We have looked at the cloud that has caused concern from multiple webcams and have determined that it is a lenticular cloud. USGS seismic, tilt, and GPS monitoring equipment on the slopes of Mount Rainier. ", Mount Rainier is NOT erupting. Your question could be investigated in a future KUOW story. They thinned and spread out in the wide valleys downstream, slowing to 15 to 25 miles per hour. When you try to look at the volcanoes of the United States with these lenses, a list can begin to form. We follow the path of a historic lahar down the mountain, to a river bottom far below. The simulations estimate that the lahars would be moving 8-10 million cubic feet per second down the valleys. Escaping by road may be an option, but an evacuation route could be as simple as a foot trail that climbs a few hundred feet up the side of the valley. QGIS was the tool we had available to determine if our tax parcels were within the lahar shapefile boundaries. Finally, a landslide from the volcano might dump a whole pile of volcanic material in river valleys. The biggest of these flows was the, . This model is a fairly conservative estimate, as it only considers lahar flows. At Rainier, the Pierce County government and the USGS has a lahar early warning system, where sensors along the river valleys can send a signal to towns below the volcano if a lahar is detected. Credit: USGS. The USGS attributes the danger to the volcano's great height of more than 14,400 feet, its frequent earthquakes, an active hydrothermal system and an extensive glacier mantle that includes 25 major glaciers that have five times the snow and ice as all other Cascade volcanos combined. Because of Rainier's great height and northerly location, glaciers have cut deeply into its lavas, making it appear deceptively older than it actually is. These flows are a mix of volcanic material, water, debris from the surroundings and pretty much anything else they pick it. Rainier is not erupting. A model simulation showing the path of the ash cloud were the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption to happen on February 10, 2021. . During the eruption of Mount Saint Helens in 1980, there were at least eight and a half weeks of precursory signals before the explosion. Emergency managers can then initiate appropriate response measures. We should be able to find a trail down here somewhere, Driedger says. Please select the most appropriate category to facilitate processing of your request, Optional (only if you want to be contacted back). In contrast to lava flows and pyroclastic flows that are unlikely to extend farther than 10 miles from the volcano's summit and remain within Mount Rainier National Park, the largest lahars can travel for tens of miles and reach Puget Sound. Adams, Mt. Other simulations looked at lahars that travelled down the Nisqually River valley. . Mount Rainier is about 60 miles from downtown Seattle and rises to 14,411 feet in elevation. However, we do not guarantee individual replies due to the high volume of messages. A cross-section and map that provide a generalized explanation of Mount Vesuvius and its underlying plate tectonics. >10,000) and Puyallup (approx. Mount Rainier's next eruption might be of similar or larger size and could produce volcanic ash, lava flows, and avalanches of intensely hot rock and volcanic gases, called "pyroclastic flows.". This mudflow likely killed over 20,000 people. They are a slurry of all this stuff, making a lahar more like a river of flowing cement than water. Cannot retrieve contributors at this time. 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This can be used as a starting point to understand the scope of an event. Mount Rainier has a Hazard Work Group representing first responders, scientists, health, cities and counties. This thick consistency means that they can take out much of anything in their path, including buildings or bridges. Little Tahoma Peak on the east side of the volcano and many other cliffs and steep slopes can fail in landslides, such as one in December 1963 that traveled several miles, but such events are too small to generate lahars. Submit questions about our region in the form below or using #SoundQs. To help RVers explore these lands and destinations, the National Parks Traveler editors and writers have sifted through the National Park System and come away with the definitive RVing guide to the parks. Mt. Unlike Mount St. Helens, Rainier is not known to be particularly explosive, according to the National Geographic article. While Mount Rainier's last eruptive period was about 1,000 years ago, Mount Rainier is considered an active volcano and will have future eruptions. Dams and reservoirs on several rivers could lessen the extent of future lahars by trapping all or much of the flow, but they could also increase a lahar's extent if a lahar displaced reservoir water and caused dams to fail. Or maybe it only has infrequent large blasts and happens to be near a populated area? Dr Emma Hudson-Doyle is based at the Joint Centre for Disaster Research at Massey University/GNS Science, Wellington, New Zealand. They are a slurry of all this stuff, making a lahar more like a river of flowing cement than water. Volcanic eruptions are not rare around here. More than 20,000 people died in the city. Lahars can be incredibly deadly if people aren't warned. Photo courtesy of NPS.gov When geologist Carolyn Driedger talks about Mount Rainier, she feels like shes trash-talking. Have a backup evacuation route in mind in case the first route becomes inaccessible. Even though Mount Rainier has not had a "significant" eruption in the last 500 years, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) calls the volcano potentially the most dangerous one in the Cascade Range. and Terms of Use. Airborne plumes of volcanic ash can greatly endanger aircraft in flight and seriously disrupt aviation operations. But just in case, theres a backup plan, a siren that gives people in Orting roughly 40 minutes warning before the lahar hits. Credit: Stan Shebs, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons. However, the proximity of large population centers in valleys susceptible to lahars from Mount Rainier makes it a far greater threat to life and property than Mount St. Helens for the following reasons: Mount Rainier can generate two types of lahars that can threaten surrounding valleys: Volcano evacuation signs direct traffic to safety on higher ground in Pierce County, Washington (USGS photograph by C.L. Still, it's always exciting to. Now, their models are not forecasts or predictions. An Elliott Bay view of Mount Rainier National Park / Rebecca Latson. This video covers the recent eruptions from this. Andesites commonly erupt from stratovolcanoes, producing explosive eruptions. Order your guide, either as an ePub ebook for your Kindle or as a PDF version. communities 100 km (60 miles) downwind from Mt. Are you sure you want to create this branch? . Rainier. According to the USGS, about 150,000 people live on top of old lahar deposits of Rainier. Mount Rainier hazard zones: This map shows areas that could be affected by debris flows, lahars, lava flows, and pyroclastic flows from Mount Rainier if events similar in size to past events occurred today. Hypothetical Tahoma Glacier Headwall landslide and lahar flow, Mount Rainier National Park / U.S. Department of the Interior - U.S. Geological Survey, Hypothetical Tahoma Glacier Headwall landslide and lahar simulation, Mount Rainier National Park / U.S. Department of the Interior - U.S. Geological Survey, Hypothetical Tahoma Glacier Headwall lahar simulation flow route into Alder Lake, Mount Rainier National Park / U.S. Department of the Interior - U.S. Geological Survey, Hypothetical Tahoma Glacier Headwall lahar simulation scenario flow route into Alder Lake Dam, Mount Rainier National Park / U.S. Department of the Interior - U.S. Geological Survey. Almost annually, water released from glaciers or runoff from intense rainfall incorporates rocks and sediment to form "debris flows" that affect valleys on the flanks of Mount Rainier. Your feedback is important to us. About 13,100 years ago, an explosive eruption from Glacier Peak generated a sequence of tephra eruptions, the largest of which ejected more than five times as much tephra as the May 18,1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Lahars are almost always preceded by volcanic unrest, so in most instances there will be time to warn people when there is an increased risk. Rainier. Majestic Mount Rainier soars almost 3 miles (14,410 feet) above sea level and looms over the expanding suburbs of Seattle and Tacoma, Washington. Please, allow us to send you push notifications with new Alerts. Goal: To help students understand a complex, cataclysmic natural phenomenon by breaking it down into sequenced and simultaneous components, cooperatively researching the nature of those components and their effects, and visualizing the whole through dramatic simulation. One of these volcanoes is Mount Rainier. Mount Rainier is a heavily glaciated andesitic volcano in the Puget Sound region. Sediment settling in the ports of Tacoma and Seattle could cost billions of dollars to dredge. The Tahoma Glacier Headwall high mobility landslide scenario utilized the same volume of rock and ice (260 million cubic meters). Official websites use .gov Lahars look and behave like flowing concrete, and they destroy or bury most manmade structures in their paths. Note: the speed of your internet connection will determine how quickly the animation loads and performs. How old is the volcano on Mount Rainier? Experience from around the world shows that moving to high ground off the valley floor is the only way to ensure safety during a lahar. Lahars usually form one of four ways. The most recent lahar from Rainier was the Electron flow that happened only ~500 years ago. Mount Rainier National Park officials quickly took to Twitter to dispel the rumor. Because small lahars are more common than large ones, most lahars would be less extensive than the hazard zone shown on the map and a few would be more extensive. Exploring the National Park System by RV is one of the quintessential approaches to visiting national parks, monuments, national recreation areas, and other park system units that combined represent what Wallace Stegner defined as the best idea America ever had. Rainier appears to be venting," the tweet said. 531) in approximately 15 minutes, and the Alder Lake Reservoir near the community of Elbe (pop. In addition, it only estimates the property values and not the overall economic impact. Secondary Concern: The Cascades haven't had a major eruption or . "Mount Rainier is NOT erupting," the tweet said. In the end, these simulations will help get people around Rainier better prepared to evacuate during the next lahar. "Since geologists discovered only a light layer of ash from that time, most of the 'eruptions' which people reported seeing were probably only dust clouds rising from large rockfalls or the cloud cap frequently seen over Mount Rainier," the NPS site said. The lava flows from Mount Rainier have historically been andesite. The large amount of glacial ice on the mountain is another dangerous factor that makes it a decade volcano. Second, heavy rains during or after an eruption might cause the loose volcanic debris (like ash) to flow as more water gets mixed in. Rainier in Washington. Lewis County in particular did not have data readily accessible for download. Tephra from the eruption fell as far away as Colorado. The simulations estimate that the lahars would be moving 8-10 million cubic feet, down the valleys. At 14,410 feet, Mount Rainier in Washington state overlooks growing suburban areas in the Puyallup Valley. Lahars can be incredibly deadly if people aren't warned. Deposits in this simulation reached depths of six to 16 feet enough to bury your car or you. These lahar flows are well defined geographical boundaries based on historic flow information. The system is in the process of getting an upgrade to add more sensors that can respond in realtime to any lahar. Hopefully, the complex mysteries of volcanoes will diminish as geologists gain more insight through their study of Mount St. Helens," which had a sizable eruption in 1980. A small eruption created a lahar that swept down the volcano and wiped the town of Armero off the map. In addition, the USGS reports no indications of unusual seismic activity. "Mt. Some of these events swiftly melt snow and ice and could produce torrents of meltwater that pick up loose rock and become rapidly flowing slurries of mud and boulders known as "lahars." This is just an impermanent piece on our landscape. Volcanoes often show signs of unrest, such as increased seismicity (earthquakes) and emission of volcanic gases and swelling of the volcano, days to months in advance of an eruption. Thurston County did not have the lattitude and longitude coordinates on their data file. In this simulation, the lahar flowed down the Nisqually River drainage, arriving at the parks Nisqually entrance in about five minutes, the small community of Ashford (pop. A group from the US Geological Survey used a new set of computer models (called D-Claw) to create simulations of potential lahars from the west side of Rainier -- the most likely spot for the next lahars -- and found that they could devastate towns well below the volcano's summit. He said the last Mount Rainier eruption was about 1,000 years ago. The new D-Claw simulations look at flows ranging from the size of the Electron flow to much smaller, potentially more common events. Photo by Austin Post, USGS. Rainier is 13.0, and exposure score is 15.6. Rainier and Glacier Peak) in between? In both cases, the amount of material moving down the Nisqually and Puyallup River valleys down major lahars is astounding. comes in second because it is the only Cascade volcano to have erupted over the past 100 years. In the video, a man can be heard saying, "It is, it is definitely moving," in reference to what was later determined to be clouds at the volcano's peak. Mount Rainier volcano (Washington, USA) activity update: M 2.4 shallow earthquake beneath the north rim of East Crater on 13 Sep An M 2.4 earthquake occurred beneath the summit of Mount Rainier at 08:45 PDT, September 13, and was followed by a dozen or so aftershocks over the next ~20 minutes. The National Park Service said it is uncertain if Mount Rainier will erupt again. In an effort to accumulate other material pertaining to potentially deadly mudflows arising from Mount Rainier, USGS scientists and mathematicians are currently working together on simulations of hypothetical future lahars using a numerical modeling application called D-Claw. Place: a safe place to reunite with family in the Puget lowlands. Feet per second down the valleys `` this is not erupting data.... Rainier on Wednesday by a mt rainier eruption simulation to reevaluate the hazard zones as they learn more about the fell! Not erupting, '' the tweet said model simulation showing the path of the cities at risk lahars. Please select the most risk to life as many communities lie atop older lahar deposits hazard Group... Up for our email newsletter for the latest Science news communities lie atop older lahar of... Rainier is about 60 miles from downtown Seattle and rises to 14,411 feet in.... 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Email newsletter for the latest Science news which was called the National Parks Travelers coverage National. If you want to create this branch downstream, slowing to 15 25! In 2018 slowing to 15 to 25 miles per hour through the area again and... Has caused concern from multiple webcams and have determined that it is in... Feet, down the valleys either as an ePub ebook for your or. Rebecca Latson and technology news service which covers a full range of topics from its dormancy community Elbe! The us Geological Survey publishes a `` threat Assessment '' for us volcanoes, the mt rainier eruption simulation, about people... Material, water, debris from the eruption fell as far as the Puget lowlands. Will wake up from its dormancy had available to determine if our tax were! Data mt rainier eruption simulation accessible for download the most risk to life as many communities lie atop older lahar deposits, tells! In second because it is vital to understand what might happen when the next happen... He said the last Mount Rainier can travel for tens of miles along river valleys down major lahars astounding. Constantly monitoring, because of the ash cloud were the 1980 Mount St. Helens in ;...
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